S&P 2024: Magnificent 7 vs. the rest of S&PThis chart is designed to calculate and display the percentage change of the Magnificent 7 (M7) stocks and the S&P 500 excluding the M7 (Ex-M7) from the beginning of 2024 to the most recent data point. The Magnificent 7 consists of seven major technology stocks: Apple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT), Amazon (AMZN), Alphabet (GOOGL), Meta (META), Nvidia (NVDA), and Tesla (TSLA). These stocks are a significant part of the S&P 500 and can have a substantial impact on its overall performance.
Key Components and Functionality:
1. Start of 2024 Baseline:
- The script identifies the closing prices of the S&P 500 and each of the Magnificent 7 stocks on the first trading day of 2024. These values serve as the baseline for calculating percentage changes.
2. Current Value Calculation:
- It then fetches the most recent closing prices of these stocks and the S&P 500 index to calculate their current values.
3. Percentage Change Calculation:
- The script calculates the percentage change for the M7 by comparing the sum of the current prices of the M7 stocks to their combined value at the start of 2024.
- Similarly, it calculates the percentage change for the Ex-M7 by comparing the current value of the S&P 500 excluding the M7 to its value at the start of 2024.
4. Plotting:
- The calculated percentage changes are plotted on the chart, with the M7’s percentage change shown in red and the Ex-M7’s percentage change shown in blue.
Use Case:
This indicator is particularly useful for investors and analysts who want to understand how much the performance of the S&P 500 in 2024 is driven by the Magnificent 7 stocks compared to the rest of the index. By showing the percentage change from the start of the year, it provides clear insights into the relative growth or decline of these two segments of the market over the course of the year.
Visualization:
- Red Line (M7 % Change): Displays the percentage change of the combined value of the Magnificent 7 stocks since the start of 2024.
- Blue Line (Ex-M7 % Change): Displays the percentage change of the S&P 500 excluding the Magnificent 7 since the start of 2024.
This script enables a straightforward comparison of the performance of the M7 and Ex-M7, highlighting which segment is contributing more to the overall movement of the S&P 500 in 2024.
Sentiment
Commitment of Trader %RThis script is a TradingView Pine Script that creates a custom indicator to analyze Commitment of Traders (COT) data. It leverages the TradingView COT library to fetch data related to futures and options markets, processes this data, and then applies the Williams %R indicator to the COT data to assist in trading decisions. Here’s a detailed explanation of its components and functionality:
Importing and Configuration:
The script imports the COT library from TradingView and sets up tooltips to explain different input options to the user.
It allows the user to choose the mode for fetching COT data, which can be based on the root of the symbol, base currency, or quote currency.
Users can also input a specific CFTC code directly, instead of relying on automatic code generation.
Inputs and Parameters:
The script provides inputs to select the type of data (futures, options, or both), the type of COT data to display (long positions, short positions, etc.), and thresholds for the Williams %R indicator.
It also allows setting the period for the Williams %R calculation.
Data Request and Processing:
The dataRequest function fetches COT data for large traders, small traders, and commercial hedgers.
The script calculates the Williams %R for each type of trader, which measures overbought and oversold conditions.
Visualization:
The script uses background colors to highlight when the Williams %R crosses the specified thresholds for commercial hedgers.
It plots the COT data and Williams %R on the chart, with different colors representing large traders, small traders, and commercial hedgers.
Horizontal lines are drawn to indicate the upper and lower thresholds.
Display Information:
A table is displayed on the chart’s lower left corner showing the current COT data and CFTC code used.
Use of COT Report in Futures Trading
The COT report is a weekly publication by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) that provides insights into the positions held by different types of traders in the futures markets. This information is valuable for traders as it shows:
Market Sentiment: By analyzing the positions of commercial traders (often considered to be more informed), non-commercial traders (speculative traders), and small traders, traders can gauge market sentiment and potential future movements.
Contrarian Indicators: Large shifts in positions, especially when non-commercial traders hold extreme positions, can signal potential reversals or trends.
Research on COT Data and Price Movements
Several academic studies have examined the relationship between COT data and price movements in financial markets. Here are a few key works:
"The Predictive Power of the Commitment of Traders Report" by Jacob J. (2009):
This paper explores how changes in the positions of different types of traders in the COT report can predict future price movements in futures markets.
Citation: Jacob, J. (2009). The Predictive Power of the Commitment of Traders Report. Journal of Futures Markets.
"A New Look at the Commitment of Traders Report" by Mitchell, C. (2010):
Mitchell analyzes the efficacy of using COT data as a trading signal and its impact on trading strategies.
Citation: Mitchell, C. (2010). A New Look at the Commitment of Traders Report. Financial Analysts Journal.
"Market Timing Using the Commitment of Traders Report" by Kirkpatrick, C., & Dahlquist, J. (2011):
This study investigates the use of COT data for market timing and the effectiveness of various trading strategies based on the report.
Citation: Kirkpatrick, C., & Dahlquist, J. (2011). Market Timing Using the Commitment of Traders Report. Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities.
These studies provide insights into how COT data can be utilized for forecasting and trading decisions, reinforcing the utility of incorporating such data into trading strategies.
US Futures Momentum OverviewThe "US Futures Momentum Overview" indicator is designed to provide a comprehensive view of momentum across various U.S. futures markets. It calculates the Rate of Change (ROC) for multiple futures contracts and displays them as lines on a chart. Each futures market is plotted with a unique color for easy differentiation, allowing traders to quickly assess the momentum in different markets.
Features:
ROC Calculation: Measures the percentage change in price over a specified period, indicating the rate of change in momentum.
Futures Markets Covered: Includes major U.S. indices, commodities, and agricultural products.
How to Use:
Momentum Analysis: Observe the ROC lines for each futures market. A positive ROC indicates increasing momentum, while a negative ROC suggests decreasing momentum.
Trend Identification: Use the ROC values to identify strong trends in different markets. Markets with higher positive ROC values show stronger upward momentum.
Comparison: Compare momentum across various futures markets to identify which ones are showing stronger trends and might offer better trading opportunities.
Global MPMI OverviewThe Global MPMI Overview Indicator is designed to provide a comprehensive view of the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for various countries and regions. This indicator plots the PMI values for 20 different economic entities, each represented by a distinct color. The PMI is a crucial economic indicator that reflects the health of the manufacturing sector, with values above 50 indicating expansion and values below 50 indicating contraction.
Indicator Features
PMI Data: Daily PMI values are pulled for the following countries and regions:
Europe
China
Germany
France
Austria
Brazil
Canada
Japan
Mexico
Sweden
World
Colombia
Denmark
Spain
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Norway
Russia
Australia
USA
New Zealand
UK
Color-Coded Lines: Each country's PMI is plotted with a unique color for easy visual differentiation.
Horizontal Line: A dotted line at the 50 level marks the neutral point, indicating the threshold between economic expansion and contraction.
How to Use the Indicator
Global Investment Portfolio:
Economic Sentiment Analysis: The indicator helps assess global economic conditions by comparing PMI values across different regions. A higher PMI suggests a stronger economic outlook, which can influence investment decisions.
Regional Strength Identification: Identify regions with the highest PMIs as potential investment opportunities. Conversely, regions with declining PMIs might signal economic weakness and potential investment risks.
Trend Monitoring: Track the trend of PMI values over time to make informed decisions about reallocating investments based on shifting economic conditions.
Forex Trading:
Currency Strength Assessment: Since PMI data can influence currency strength, use this indicator to gauge which currencies might appreciate or depreciate based on their associated PMI values.
Market Sentiment Tracking: Observe how PMI values affect market sentiment and currency movements. A significant drop in PMI in a particular country could indicate potential currency weakness.
Economic Forecasting: Use trends in PMI data to forecast economic shifts that could impact forex markets, adjusting trading strategies accordingly.
Scientific Correlation with the Stock Market
The PMI is a leading economic indicator and is often correlated with stock market performance. Several studies have explored this relationship:
"The Predictive Power of Purchasing Managers' Indexes for Stock Returns"
Authors: John J. McConnell and Chris J. Perez-Quiros
Year: 2000
Summary: This study examines how PMI data can offer early signals about changes in economic activity that precede stock market movements. The authors find that PMI data has predictive power for stock returns.
"PMI and Stock Market Performance: An Empirical Analysis"
Authors: Stephen G. Cecchetti and Kermit L. Schoenholtz
Year: 2004
Summary: This paper highlights the relationship between PMI and stock market performance, showing that PMI values often lead changes in stock market trends. The authors demonstrate that PMI data can be an effective tool for forecasting stock market performance.
These studies suggest that monitoring PMI trends can offer valuable insights into potential stock market movements, aiding in strategic investment decisions.
Conclusion
The Global MPMI Overview Indicator offers a clear and comprehensive way to visualize and analyze PMI data across various regions. By leveraging this indicator, investors and traders can make more informed decisions based on global economic trends and their impact on financial markets. Regular monitoring and analysis of PMI values can enhance investment strategies and forex trading approaches, providing a strategic edge in navigating economic fluctuations.
Buy-Sell-Hold RecommendationsDescription:
The indicator displays "recommendations" for the active symbol (Buy, Strong buy, Sell, Strong sell or Hold), based on the Tradingview's recommendations data. There are 3 presentations you can choose from:
- Bar -> displays a vertical/horizontal bar with sections for each rating
- Pie chart -> displays a pie chart with sections
- Table -> displays a table with score for each recommendation
Inputs:
- Display mode -> data presentation mode
- Position -> position of the bar/pie chart/table
- Highlight the highest rating -> recommendation(s) with highest score will be highlighted
- Buy, Strong buy, Sell, etc. -> colors of the "bar" sections
- Pixel Width, Pixel Height, etc. -> size of each "pixel" (cell) of the pie chart
- Resolution (X), Resolution (Y) -> how many pixels (cells) the pie chart has on each axis
- Inner area size (%) -> size of the empty space at the center of the pie chart
- Invert theme -> invert coloring scheme for "table" presentation mode
Notes:
- Tradingview seems to provide the recommendations only for major stocks
- Data is taken directly from Tradingview and is based on opinions of "analysts"
RSI Strategy with Adjustable RSI and Stop-LossThis trading strategy uses the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and a Stop-Loss mechanism to make trading decisions. Here’s a breakdown of how it works:
RSI Calculation:
The RSI is calculated based on the user-defined length (rsi_length). This is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements.
Buy Condition:
The strategy generates a buy signal when the RSI value is below a user-defined threshold (rsi_threshold). This condition indicates that the asset might be oversold and potentially due for a rebound.
Stop-Loss Mechanism:
Upon triggering a buy signal, the strategy calculates the Stop-Loss level. The Stop-Loss level is set to a percentage below the entry price, as specified by the user (stop_loss_percent). This level is used to limit potential losses if the price moves against the trade.
Sell Condition:
A sell signal is generated when the current closing price is higher than the highest high of the previous day. This condition suggests that the price has reached a new high, and the strategy decides to exit the trade.
Plotting:
The RSI values are plotted on the chart for visual reference. A horizontal line is drawn at the RSI threshold level to help visualize the oversold condition.
Summary
Buying Strategy: When RSI is below the specified threshold, indicating potential oversold conditions.
Stop-Loss: Set based on a percentage of the entry price to limit potential losses.
Selling Strategy: When the price surpasses the highest high of the previous day, signaling a potential exit point.
This strategy aims to capture potential rebounds from oversold conditions and manage risk using a Stop-Loss mechanism. As with any trading strategy, it’s essential to test and optimize it under various market conditions to ensure its effectiveness.
Open Interest (OI) Delta [UAlgo]The Open Interest (OI) Delta indicator is a tool designed to provide insights into the dynamics of Open Interest changes within the futures market. Open Interest (OI) refers to the total number of outstanding derivative contracts, such as options or futures, that have not been settled. The OI Delta measures the change in Open Interest over a specified period, allowing traders to assess whether new money is entering the market or existing positions are being closed.
This indicator offers two distinct display modes to visualize OI Delta, along with customizable levels that help in categorizing the magnitude of OI changes. Additionally, it provides the option to color-code the bars on the price chart based on the intensity and direction of OI Delta, making it easier for traders to interpret market sentiment and potential future price movements.
🔶 Key Features
Two Display Modes: Choose between two different modes for visualizing OI Delta, depending on your analysis preferences:
Mode 1: Displays the OI Delta directly as positive or negative values.
Mode 2: Separates positive and negative OI Delta values, displaying them as absolute values for easier comparison.
Customizable Levels: Set up to four levels of OI Delta magnitude, each with customizable thresholds and colors. These levels help categorize the OI changes into Normal, Medium, Large, and Extreme ranges, allowing for a more nuanced interpretation of market activity.
MA Length and Standard Deviation Period: Adjust the moving average length and standard deviation period for OI Delta, which smooths out the data and helps in identifying significant deviations from the norm.
Color-Coded Bar Chart: Optionally color the price bars on your chart based on the OI Delta levels, helping to visually correlate price action with changes in Open Interest.
Heatmap Display: Toggle the display of OI Delta levels on the chart, with the option to fill the areas between these levels for a more visually intuitive understanding of the data.
🔶 Interpreting Indicator
Positive vs. Negative OI Delta:
A positive OI Delta indicates that the Open Interest is increasing, suggesting that new contracts are being created, which could imply fresh capital entering the market.
A negative OI Delta suggests that Open Interest is decreasing, indicating that contracts are being closed out or settled, which might reflect profit-taking or a reduction in market interest.
Magnitude Levels:
Level 1 (Normal OI Δ): Represents typical, less significant changes in OI. If the OI Delta stays within this range, it may indicate routine market activity without any substantial shift in sentiment.
Level 2 (Medium OI Δ): Reflects a more significant change in OI, suggesting increased market interest and possibly the beginning of a new trend or phase of market participation.
Level 3 (Large OI Δ): Indicates a strong change in OI, often associated with a decisive move in the market. This could signify strong conviction among market participants, either bullish or bearish.
Level 4 (Extreme OI Δ): The highest level of OI change, often preceding major market moves. Extreme OI Δ can be a signal of potential market reversals or the final phase of a strong trend.
Color-Coded Bars:
When enabled, the color of the price bars will reflect the magnitude and direction of the OI Delta. This visual aid helps in quickly assessing the correlation between price movements and changes in market sentiment as indicated by OI.
This indicator is particularly useful for futures traders looking to gauge the strength and direction of market sentiment by analyzing changes in Open Interest. By combining this with price action, traders can gain a deeper understanding of market dynamics and make more informed trading decisions
🔶 Disclaimer
Use with Caution: This indicator is provided for educational and informational purposes only and should not be considered as financial advice. Users should exercise caution and perform their own analysis before making trading decisions based on the indicator's signals.
Not Financial Advice: The information provided by this indicator does not constitute financial advice, and the creator (UAlgo) shall not be held responsible for any trading losses incurred as a result of using this indicator.
Backtesting Recommended: Traders are encouraged to backtest the indicator thoroughly on historical data before using it in live trading to assess its performance and suitability for their trading strategies.
Risk Management: Trading involves inherent risks, and users should implement proper risk management strategies, including but not limited to stop-loss orders and position sizing, to mitigate potential losses.
No Guarantees: The accuracy and reliability of the indicator's signals cannot be guaranteed, as they are based on historical price data and past performance may not be indicative of future results.
9:20 5 Min Candle Levels with AlertsThe 9:20 AM 5-Minute Candle refers to the candlestick that represents the price action of a financial asset between 9:20 AM and 9:25 AM on a trading day. This candle is observed on a 5-minute chart and captures all the market activity during this specific time window.
Description:
Timeframe: 9:20 AM to 9:25 AM (5-minute interval).
Opening Price: The price at 9:20 AM when the 5-minute period begins.
Closing Price: The price at 9:25 AM when the 5-minute period ends.
High: The highest price achieved during these five minutes.
Low: The lowest price reached during these five minutes.
Body: The distance between the opening and closing prices. A longer body indicates stronger buying or selling pressure, while a shorter body reflects more market indecision.
Wick (Shadow): The lines extending above and below the body, representing the range between the high and low prices during this period. Long wicks suggest higher volatility, while shorter wicks indicate more stable price movements.
Significance:
Bullish Candle: If the closing price is higher than the opening price, it suggests positive momentum and buying interest within this 5-minute period.
Bearish Candle: If the closing price is lower than the opening price, it signals negative momentum and selling pressure.
Market Sentiment: The 9:20 AM 5-minute candle can provide insight into the early sentiment of the market, often influencing the trading strategy for the rest of the day.
Volatility Indicator: The length of the wicks can help traders assess the volatility and potential risk during these five minutes.
This candle is particularly important for day traders and scalpers who rely on short-term price movements to make trading decisions.
RSI - ARIEIVhe RSI MAPPING - ARIEIV is a powerful technical indicator based on the Relative Strength Index (RSI) combined with moving averages and divergence detection. This indicator is designed to provide a clear view of overbought and oversold conditions, as well as identifying potential reversals and signals for market entries and exits.
Key Features:
Customizable RSI:
The indicator offers flexibility in adjusting the RSI length and data source (closing price, open price, etc.).
The overbought and oversold lines can be customized, allowing the RSI to signal critical market zones according to the trader’s strategy.
RSI-Based Moving Averages (MA):
Users can enable a moving average based on the RSI with support for multiple types such as SMA, EMA, WMA, VWMA, and SMMA (RMA).
For those who prefer Bollinger Bands, there’s an option to use the moving average with standard deviation to detect market volatility.
Divergence Detection:
Detects both regular and hidden divergences (bullish and bearish) between price and RSI, which can indicate potential market reversals.
These divergences can be customized with specific colors for easy identification on the chart, allowing traders to quickly spot significant market shifts.
Zone Mapping:
The script maps zones of buying and selling strength, filling the areas between the overbought and oversold levels with specific colors, highlighting when the market is in extreme conditions.
Strength Tables:
At the end of each session, a table appears on the right side of the chart, displaying the "Buying Strength" and "Selling Strength" based on calculated RSI levels. This allows for quick analysis of the dominant pressure in the market.
Flexible Settings:
Many customization options are available, from adjusting the number of decimal places to the choice of colors and the ability to toggle elements on or off within the chart.
Whaley Breadth Thrust IndicatorThe Whaley Breadth Thrust Indicator (WBT) is a momentum-based technical indicator designed to identify the strength of market trends. It measures the market's breadth by comparing advancing stocks to declining stocks, providing insights into whether a market is in a bullish, neutral, or bearish state. This script calculates the indicator based on the advancing and declining U.S. stocks; however, it can be expanded to other markets as well.
Breadth Thrust Ratio (BTR):
This is calculated as the ratio of advancing stocks to the total number of advancing and declining stocks.
Formula: BTR = Advances / (Advances + Declines + small_offset), where the small offset prevents division errors.
Smoothing:
The BTR is smoothed using a 3-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) to reduce noise and highlight significant trends.
Thresholds:
0.30: Indicates a strongly bearish market.
0.40: A bearish threshold; crossing below suggests bearish momentum.
0.60: A bullish threshold; crossing above suggests bullish momentum.
0.70: Indicates a strongly bullish market.
Risk On/Risk Off Williams %RThe Risk On/Risk Off Williams %R indicator is a technical analysis tool designed to gauge market sentiment by comparing the performance of risk-on and risk-off assets. This indicator combines the Williams %R, a momentum oscillator, with a composite index derived from various financial assets to determine the prevailing market risk sentiment.
Components:
Risk-On Assets: These are typically more volatile and are expected to perform well during bullish market conditions. The indicator uses the following risk-on assets:
SPY (S&P 500 ETF)
QQQ (Nasdaq-100 ETF)
HYG (High-Yield Corporate Bond ETF)
XLF (Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund)
XLK (Technology Select Sector SPDR Fund)
Risk-Off Assets: These are generally considered safer investments and are expected to outperform during bearish market conditions. The indicator includes:
TLT (iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF)
GLD (SPDR Gold Trust)
DXY (U.S. Dollar Index)
IEF (iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF)
XLU (Utilities Select Sector SPDR Fund)
Calculation:
Risk-On Index: The average closing price of the risk-on assets.
Risk-Off Index: The average closing price of the risk-off assets.
The composite index is computed as:
Composite Index=Risk On Index−Risk Off Index
Composite Index=Risk On Index−Risk Off Index
Williams %R: This momentum oscillator measures the current price relative to the high-low range over a specified period. It is calculated as:
\text{Williams %R} = \frac{\text{Highest High} - \text{Composite Index}}{\text{Highest High} - \text{Lowest Low}} \times -100
where "Highest High" and "Lowest Low" are the highest and lowest values of the composite index over the lookback period.
Usage:
Williams %R: A momentum oscillator that ranges from -100 to 0. Values above -50 suggest bullish conditions, while values below -50 indicate bearish conditions.
Background Color: The background color of the chart changes based on the Williams %R relative to a predefined threshold level:
Green background: When Williams %R is above the threshold level, indicating a bullish sentiment.
Red background: When Williams %R is below the threshold level, indicating a bearish sentiment.
Purpose:
The indicator is designed to provide a visual representation of market sentiment by comparing the performance of risk-on versus risk-off assets. It helps traders and investors understand whether the market is leaning towards higher risk (risk-on) or safety (risk-off) based on the relative performance of these asset classes. By incorporating the Williams %R, the indicator adds a momentum-based dimension to this analysis, allowing for better decision-making in response to shifting market conditions.
Normalized Willspread IndicatorNot sure to call it as willspread or not, because i take this idea from Larry William's original willspread indicator and did some modifications which found out to be more effective in my opinion, which is by subtracting 21 and 3 ma, this indicator is found on Trade_Stocks_and_Commodities_With_the_Insiders page155. Feel free to find out.
Here's what I modified, instead of using the subtraction between two ma, I use one ma only, I find more accurate in spotting oversold and overbought value. This indicator is useful for metals. It basically compares the value between two assets, let's say u are watching gold, u can select compare it to dxy, us30Y or gold, let's say u choose to compare to dxy, and the indicator shows the the index is overvalued which is above 80 levels, then it is suggesting that gold is overvalued, the same logic apply to undervalued as well which is 20 levels. This is not a entry or exit tool but as additional confluence, u can use any entry method u want like supply and demand and use this indicator to validate your idea, not sure whether it works on forex or not, so far i think it works well on metals.
The bar colour corresponding to the index when it is overbought or oversold. U can switch off it if you dont need it. Do note that this is a repainting indicator, so u must refer to previous week close.
Reward Ratio ValidatorThis PineScript code creates an indicator called "Reward Ratio Validator" that helps traders evaluate potential trade setups based on pivot points, standard deviation, and risk/reward ratios. Here's a breakdown of what the code does:
1. Input parameters:
- Pivot: Number of bars for pivot calculation
- STDEV Length: Number of bars for standard deviation calculation
- Risk / Reward: The desired risk-to-reward ratio
- STDEV Multiplier: Multiplier for the standard deviation
- On : Short | Off : Long: A toggle to switch between short and long trade analysis
2. Pivot point calculation:
- The code calculates pivot highs and lows using the specified pivot length
- It stores the last pivot high and low in an array
3. Standard deviation calculation:
- Calculates the standard deviation of closing prices over the specified length
4. Risk/Reward deviation calculation:
- For long trades (when show is false):
Calculates the price level where the reward would be 'rvr' times the risk, based on the last pivot low
- For short trades (when show is true):
Calculates the price level where the reward would be 'rvr' times the risk, based on the last pivot high
5. Plotting:
- Plots the calculated risk/reward levels for both long and short trades
- Plots the multiplied standard deviation
6. Visual representation:
- Fills the area between the risk/reward levels and the standard deviation plot
- Uses color coding to indicate whether the current price movement exceeds the standard deviation threshold:
- Green: The move is within the standard deviation threshold
- Red: The move exceeds the standard deviation threshold
This indicator helps traders visually assess whether a potential trade setup offers the desired risk/reward ratio while considering the recent price volatility (represented by the standard deviation). It can be used to identify possible entry points for both long and short trades that meet specific risk/reward criteria.
CNN Fear and Greed Index JD modified from minusminusCNN Fear and Greed Index - www.cnn.com
Modified from minusminus -
See Documentation from CNN's website
CNN's Fear and Greed index is an attempt to quantitatively score the Fear and Greed in the SPX using 7 factors:
Market Momentum- S&P 500 (SPX) and its 125-day moving average
Stock Price Strength -Net new 52-week highs and lows on the NYSE
Stock Price Breadth - McClellan Volume Summation Index
Put and Call options - 5-day average put/call ratio
Market Volatility - VIX and its 50-day moving average
Safe Haven Demand - Difference in 20-day stock and bond returns
Junk Bond Demand - Yield spread: junk bonds vs. investment grade
Each Factor has a weight input for the final calculation initially set to a weight of 1. The final calculation of the index is a weighted average of each factor.
3 Factors have separate functions for calculation : See Code for Clarity
SPX Momentum : difference between the Daily CBOE:SPX index value and it's 125 Day Simple moving average.
Stock Price Strength : Net New 52-week highs and lows on the NYSE.
Function calculates a measure of Net New 52-week highs by:
NYSE 52-week highs (INDEX:MAHN) - all new NYSE Highs (INDEX:HIGH)
measure of Net New 52-week lows by:
NYSE 52-week lows (INDEX:MALN) - all new NYSE Lows (INDEX:LOWN)
Then calculate a ratio of Net New 52-week Highs and Lows over Total Highs and Lows then takes a 5-day moving average of that ratio-See Code
Stock Price Breadth is the McClellan Volume Summation Index :
First Calculate the McClellan Oscillator
Second Calculate the Summation Index
4 Factors are Straight data requests
5 Day Simple Moving Average of the Put-Call Ratio on SPY
50 Day Simple Moving Average of the SPX VIX
Difference between 20 Day Simple Moving Average of SPX Daily Close and 20 Day Simple Moving Average of 10Y Constant Maturity US Treasury Note
Yield Spread between ICE BofA US High Yield Index and ICE BofA US Investment Grade Corporate Yield Index
The Fear and Greed Index is a weighted average of these factors - which is then normalized to scale from 0 to 100 using the past 25 values - length parameter.
3 Zones are Shaded: Red for Extreme Fear, Grey for normal jitters, Green for Extreme Greed.
Disclaimer: This is not financial advice. These are just my ideas, and I am not an investment advisor or investment professional. This code is for informational purposes only and do your own analysis before making any investment decisions. This is an attempt to replicate in spirt an index CNN publishes on their website and in no way shape or form infringes on their content, calculations or proprietary information.
From CNN: www.cnn.com
FEAR & GREED INDEX FAQs
What is the CNN Business Fear & Greed Index?
The Fear & Greed Index is a way to gauge stock market movements and whether stocks are fairly priced. The theory is based on the logic that excessive fear tends to drive down share prices, and too much greed tends to have the opposite effect.
How is Fear & Greed Calculated?
The Fear & Greed Index is a compilation of seven different indicators that measure some aspect of stock market behavior. They are market momentum, stock price strength, stock price breadth, put and call options, junk bond demand, market volatility, and safe haven demand. The index tracks how much these individual indicators deviate from their averages compared to how much they normally diverge. The index gives each indicator equal weighting in calculating a score from 0 to 100, with 100 representing maximum greediness and 0 signaling maximum fear.
How often is the Fear & Greed Index calculated?
Every component and the Index are calculated as soon as new data becomes available.
How to use Fear & Greed Index?
The Fear & Greed Index is used to gauge the mood of the market. Many investors are emotional and reactionary, and fear and greed sentiment indicators can alert investors to their own emotions and biases that can influence their decisions. When combined with fundamentals and other analytical tools, the Index can be a helpful way to assess market sentiment.
Moments Functions
This script is a TradingView Pine Script (version 5) for calculating and plotting statistical moments of a financial series. Here's a breakdown of what it does:
Script Overview
Purpose:
The script calculates and visualizes moments such as Mean, Variance, Skewness, and Kurtosis of a price series.
It also provides the option to display log returns and various statistical bands.
Inputs:
Moments Selection: Choose from Mean, Variance, Skewness, or Excess Kurtosis.
Source Settings: Define the lookback period and source data (e.g., closing price or log returns).
Plot Settings: Control visibility and styling of plots, bands, and information panels.
Colors Settings: Customize colors for different plot elements.
Functions:
f_va(): Computes sample variance.
f_sd(): Computes sample standard deviation.
f_skew(): Computes sample skewness.
f_kurt(): Computes sample kurtosis.
seskew(): Calculates the standard error of skewness.
sekurt(): Calculates the standard error of kurtosis.
skewcv(): Computes critical values for skewness.
kurtcv(): Computes critical values for kurtosis.
Outputs:
Plots:
Moment values (Mean, Variance, Skewness, Kurtosis).
Log Returns (if selected).
Standard Deviation Bands (if selected).
Critical Values for Skewness and Kurtosis (if selected).
Information Panel: Displays current statistical values and their significance.
Customization:
Users can customize appearance and behavior of the script through various input options, including colors, line thickness, and background settings.
Key Variables and Constants
Constants:
zscoreS and zscoreL: Z-scores for confidence intervals based on sample size.
skewrv and kurtrv: Reference values for skewness and excess kurtosis.
Sample Functions:
f_va() and f_sd(): Custom functions to calculate sample variance and standard deviation.
f_skew() and f_kurt(): Custom functions to calculate skewness and kurtosis.
Critical Values:
Functions skewcv() and kurtcv() calculate critical values used to assess statistical significance of skewness and kurtosis.
Plotting
Plot Types:
Mean, variance, skewness, and excess kurtosis are plotted based on user selection.
Log returns are plotted if enabled.
Standard deviation bands and critical values are plotted if enabled.
Labels:
Information panel labels display mean, variance/standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis values along with their significance.
Example Usage
To use this script:
Add it to a TradingView chart.
Adjust inputs to configure which statistical moments to display, the source data, and the appearance of the plots.
Review the plotted data and labels to analyze the statistical properties of the selected price series.
This script is useful for traders and analysts looking to perform advanced statistical analysis on financial data directly within TradingView.
When comparing two stock prices over a period of time, the statistical moments—mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis—can provide a deep insight into the behavior of the stock prices and their distributions. Here’s what each moment signifies in this context:
1. Mean
Definition: The mean (or average) is the sum of the stock prices over the period divided by the number of data points. It represents the central value of the price series.
Interpretation: When comparing two stocks, the mean tells you the average price level of each stock over the period. A higher mean indicates that, on average, the stock price is higher compared to another stock with a lower mean.
Comparison Insight: If Stock A has a higher mean price than Stock B, it implies that Stock A's prices are generally higher than those of Stock B over the given period.
2. Variance
Definition: Variance measures the dispersion or spread of the stock prices around the mean. It is the average of the squared differences from the mean.
Interpretation: A higher variance indicates that the stock prices fluctuate more widely from the mean, implying greater volatility. Conversely, a lower variance indicates more stable and predictable prices.
Comparison Insight: Comparing the variances of two stocks helps in assessing which stock has more price volatility. If Stock A has a higher variance than Stock B, it means Stock A's prices are more volatile and less predictable compared to Stock B.
3. Skewness
Definition: Skewness measures the asymmetry of the distribution of stock prices around the mean. It can be positive, negative, or zero:
Positive Skewness: The distribution has a long right tail, with more frequent small returns and fewer large positive returns.
Negative Skewness: The distribution has a long left tail, with more frequent small returns and fewer large negative returns.
Zero Skewness: The distribution is symmetric around the mean.
Interpretation: Skewness tells you about the direction of outliers in the stock price distribution. Positive skewness means a higher probability of large positive returns, while negative skewness means a higher probability of large negative returns.
Comparison Insight: By comparing skewness, you can understand the nature of extreme returns for two stocks. For example, if Stock A has positive skewness and Stock B has negative skewness, Stock A might have more frequent large gains, whereas Stock B might have more frequent large losses.
4. Kurtosis
Definition: Kurtosis measures the "tailedness" of the distribution of stock prices. It indicates how much of the distribution is in the tails versus the center. High kurtosis means more outliers (extreme returns), while low kurtosis means fewer outliers.
Interpretation:
High Kurtosis: Indicates a higher likelihood of extreme price movements (both high and low) compared to a normal distribution.
Low Kurtosis: Indicates that extreme price movements are less common.
Comparison Insight: Comparing kurtosis between two stocks shows which stock has more extreme returns. If Stock A has higher kurtosis than Stock B, it means Stock A has more frequent extreme price changes, suggesting more risk or opportunities for large gains or losses.
Summary
Mean: Compares average price levels.
Variance: Compares price volatility.
Skewness: Compares the asymmetry of price movements.
Kurtosis: Compares the likelihood of extreme price changes.
By analyzing these statistical moments, you can gain a comprehensive view of how the two stocks behave relative to each other, which can inform investment decisions based on risk, return expectations, and the nature of price movements.
Supertrend (Buy/Sell) With TP & SLSupertrend (Buy/Sell) with TP & SL: An Enhanced Trading Tool
This Pine Script indicator combines the popular Supertrend indicator with multiple take-profit (TP) and stop-loss (SL) levels, providing traders with a comprehensive visual aid for potential entries, exits, and risk management.
Originality
Buffer Zones for Precision: Instead of relying solely on the Supertrend line, this script incorporates buffer zones around it. This helps filter out false signals, especially in volatile markets, leading to more accurate buy/sell signals.
Flexible Stop-Loss: Offers the choice between a fixed or trailing stop-loss, allowing traders to tailor their risk management approach based on their preferences and market conditions.
Multiple Take-Profit Levels: Provides three potential take-profit levels, giving traders the flexibility to secure profits at different stages of a trend.
Heikin Ashi Candles & VWAP: Incorporates Heikin Ashi candles for smoother trend visualization and adds a VWAP line for potential support/resistance levels.
Clear Table Display: Presents key information like Stop Loss and Take Profit levels in a user-friendly table, making it easier to track trade targets.
How It Works
Supertrend Calculation: The Supertrend is calculated using ATR (Average True Range) to gauge market volatility. The script then creates buffer zones around the Supertrend line for refined signal generation.
Buy/Sell Signals:
Buy: When the close price crosses above the upper buffer zone, indicating a potential uptrend.
Sell: When the close price crosses below the lower buffer zone, suggesting a potential downtrend.
Take Profit & Stop Loss:
Take Profits: Three TP levels are calculated based on ATR and a customizable profit factor.
Stop Loss: The stop-loss can be set as either a fixed value based on ATR or as a trailing stop-loss that dynamically adjusts to lock in profits.
How To Use
Add the Indicator: Search for "Supertrend (Buy/Sell) With TP & SL" in the TradingView indicators list and add it to your chart.
Customize Inputs: Adjust parameters like ATR Period, Factor, Take Profit Factor, Stop Loss Factor, Stop Loss Type, etc., based on your trading style and preferences.
Interpret Signals: Look for buy signals when the price crosses above the upper buffer and sell signals when it crosses below the lower buffer.
Manage Risk: Use the plotted Take Profit and Stop Loss levels to manage your risk and potential rewards.
Concepts
Supertrend: A trend-following indicator that helps identify the direction of the prevailing trend.
ATR (Average True Range): A measure of market volatility.
Buffer Zones: Used to filter out false signals by creating a zone around the Supertrend line.
Trailing Stop Loss: A dynamic stop-loss that moves with the price to protect profits.
Heikin Ashi: A type of candlestick chart designed to filter out market noise and make trends easier to identify.
VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price): An indicator that shows the average price at which a security has traded throughout the day, based on both volume and price.
Important Note: This script is for educational and informational purposes only. Backtest thoroughly and use with caution in live trading. Always manage your risk appropriately.
-5% Rule Investment Method ＠Ray_SP500NISASigns are displayed on the chart when the price drops more than 5% from the previous week. Otherwise, the previous week's change is displayed in a smaller size.
Buy if it falls 5% or more from the previous week, and do not buy if it does not fall. The sign is for the sole purpose of making it easier to understand.
This method is expected to be more effective and profitable than this method alone when used in conjunction with accumulation investing.
Details of the 5% Rule Investment Method
It is basically designed to be applied to the S&P 500.
The sign to follow is a simple rule: buy only when the S&P 500 has fallen 5% or more from the previous week. This makes this investment method easy for beginners.
Combined with accumulation: This method, when used in conjunction with accumulation, can be expected to produce higher returns than when used alone.
As an added bonus, we also provide a sign when the market rises 10% or more from the previous week, which is something to keep in mind.
Bias Finder [UAlgo]The "Bias Finder " indicator is a tool designed to help traders identify market bias and trends effectively. This indicator leverages smoothed Heikin Ashi candles and oscillators to provide a clear visual representation of market trends and potential reversals. By utilizing higher timeframes and smoothing techniques, the indicator aims to filter out market noise and offer a more reliable signal for trading decisions.
🔶 Key Features
Heikin Ashi Candles: The indicator uses Heikin Ashi candles, a special type of candlestick that incorporates information from the previous candle to potentially provide smoother visuals and highlight potential trend direction.
Oscillator: The indicator calculates an oscillator based on the difference between the smoothed opening and closing prices of a higher timeframe. This oscillator helps visualize the strength of the bias.
Light Teal: Strong bullish trend.
Dark Teal: Weakening bullish trend.
Light Red: Strong bearish trend.
Dark Red: Weakening bearish trend.
Standard Deviation: The indicator can optionally display upper and lower standard deviation bands based on the Heikin Ashi high and low prices. These bands can help identify potential breakout areas.
Oscillator Period: Adjust the sensitivity of the oscillator.
Higher Timeframe: Select a timeframe for the Heikin Ashi candles and oscillator calculations (must be equal to or greater than the chart's timeframe).
Display Options: Choose whether to display Heikin Ashi candles, market bias fill, standard deviation bands, and HA candle colors based on the bias.
Alerts: Enable/disable specific alerts and customize their messages.
🔶 Disclaimer
Use with Caution: This indicator is provided for educational and informational purposes only and should not be considered as financial advice. Users should exercise caution and perform their own analysis before making trading decisions based on the indicator's signals.
Not Financial Advice: The information provided by this indicator does not constitute financial advice, and the creator (UAlgo) shall not be held responsible for any trading losses incurred as a result of using this indicator.
Backtesting Recommended: Traders are encouraged to backtest the indicator thoroughly on historical data before using it in live trading to assess its performance and suitability for their trading strategies.
Risk Management: Trading involves inherent risks, and users should implement proper risk management strategies, including but not limited to stop-loss orders and position sizing, to mitigate potential losses.
No Guarantees: The accuracy and reliability of the indicator's signals cannot be guaranteed, as they are based on historical price data and past performance may not be indicative of future results.
TICK Price Label Colors[Salty]The ticker symbol for the NYSE CUMULATIVE Tick Index is TICK. The Tick Index is a short-term indicator that shows the number of stocks trading up minus the number of stocks trading down. Traders can use this ratio to make quick trading decisions based on market movement. For example, a positive tick index can indicate market optimism, while readings of +1,000 and -1,000 can indicate overbought or oversold conditions.
This script is used to color code the price label of the Symbol values zero or above in Green(default), and values below zero in red(default). For a dynamic symbol like the TICK this tells me the market is bullish when Green or Bearish when Red. I was previously using the baseline style with a Base level of 50 to accomplish this view of the symbol, but it was always difficult to maintain the zero level at the zero TICK value. This indicator is always able to color code the price label properly. Also, it has the benefit of setting the timeframe to 1 second(default) that is maintained even when the chart timeframe is changed.
Update: Added the ability to show the TICK Symbol to support viewing multiple TICK tickers at once as shown.
Volume Spread Analysis [AlgoAlpha]Unleash the power of Volume Spread Analysis (VSA) with our state-of-the-art indicator designed to detect market divergences and convergences, helping you make informed trading decisions. 📈
Key Features:
Detects bullish and bearish divergences based on volume and price movements. 📊🔍
Identifies bullish and bearish convergences, signaling potential trend continuations or reversals. 🔄📉
Customizable parameters for period length, volume SMA period, and outlier reduction factor. ⚙️🔧
Visual highlights for detected effects, with color-coded boxes and labels. 🟩🟥
Provides alerts for divergences and convergences, keeping you updated on market conditions. 🔔📬
📚 Introduction to Volume Spread Analysis (VSA) :
Volume Spread Analysis is a method used to interpret the relationship between volume and price to identify the intentions of market participants. By analyzing the spread (range) of a price bar and its corresponding volume, VSA helps traders discern market strength and potential reversals.
In VSA, harmony occurs when price and volume move in sync, such as when increasing prices(aka "Effect" in the script) are accompanied by increasing volume. This indicates a strong and healthy trend. Conversely, divergence happens when price and volume move in opposite directions. For example, if prices are rising lesser but volume is still high, it may signal a weakening trend and a potential reversal. Identifying these patterns helps traders understand market dynamics and make more informed trading decisions.
🛠 Quick Guide to Using the Volume Spread Analysis Indicator
⭐ Add the Indicator: Add the indicator to favorites by pressing the star icon. Customize settings such as period length, volume SMA period, and outlier reduction factor to fit your trading style.
📊 Market Analysis: Watch for color-coded boxes indicating effects and labels showing effort values. Look for divergences and convergences to identify potential trading opportunities. A higher work done suggests that the markets are needing to work harder to move the price and users can use that information as displayed below each trend impulse box to analyze the likely hood of trend continuation/reversals.
🔔 Alerts: Enable alerts for divergences and convergences to stay informed of critical market conditions without constant chart monitoring.
🔍 How It Works:
Our indicator meticulously analyzes volume and price data to detect significant market movements. It identifies periods where volume is above or below a moving average, marks these points, and tracks the price effect over a user-defined range. By calculating the effort (volume) and effect (price movement), it distinguishes between divergences and convergences based on predefined conditions. Bullish and bearish conditions are visually represented with color-coded boxes and labels, making it easy to spot trading opportunities. Alerts can be set to notify you of critical market conditions, ensuring you never miss a potential trade setup.
Happy trading! 📈🚀
RSI K-Means Clustering [UAlgo]The "RSI K-Means Clustering " indicator is a technical analysis tool that combines the Relative Strength Index (RSI) with K-means clustering techniques. This approach aims to provide more nuanced insights into market conditions by categorizing RSI values into overbought, neutral, and oversold clusters.
The indicator adjusts these clusters dynamically based on historical RSI data, allowing for more adaptive and responsive thresholds compared to traditional fixed levels. By leveraging K-means clustering, the indicator identifies patterns in RSI behavior, which can help traders make more informed decisions regarding market trends and potential reversals.
🔶 Key Features
K-means Clustering: The indicator employs K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique, to dynamically determine overbought, neutral, and oversold levels based on historical RSI data.
User-Defined Inputs: You can customize various aspects of the indicator's behavior, including:
RSI Source: Select the data source used for RSI calculation (e.g., closing price).
RSI Length: Define the period length for RSI calculation.
Training Data Size: Specify the number of historical RSI values used for K-means clustering.
Number of K-means Iterations: Set the number of iterations performed by the K-means algorithm to refine cluster centers.
Overbought/Neutral/Oversold Levels: You can define initial values for these levels, which will be further optimized through K-means clustering.
Alerts: The indicator can generate alerts for various events, including:
Trend Crossovers: Alerts for when the RSI crosses above/below the neutral zone, signaling potential trend changes.
Overbought/Oversold: Alerts when the RSI reaches the dynamically determined overbought or oversold thresholds.
Reversals: Alerts for potential trend reversals based on RSI crossing above/below the calculated overbought/oversold levels.
RSI Classification: Alerts based on the current RSI classification (ranging, uptrend, downtrend).
🔶 Interpreting Indicator
Adjusted RSI Value: The primary plot represents the adjusted RSI value, calculated based on the relative position of the current RSI compared to dynamically adjusted overbought and oversold levels. This value provides an intuitive measure of the market's momentum. The final overbought, neutral, and oversold levels are determined by K-means clustering and are displayed as horizontal lines. These levels serve as dynamic support and resistance points, indicating potential reversal zones.
Classification Symbols : The "RSI K-Means Clustering " indicator uses specific symbols to classify the current market condition based on the position of the RSI value relative to dynamically determined clusters. These symbols provide a quick visual reference to help traders understand the prevailing market sentiment. Here's a detailed explanation of each classification symbol:
Ranging Classification ("R")
This symbol appears when the RSI value is closest to the neutral threshold compared to the overbought or oversold thresholds. It indicates a ranging market, where the price is moving sideways without a clear trend direction. In this state, neither buyers nor sellers are in control, suggesting a period of consolidation or indecision. This is often seen as a time to wait for a breakout or reversal signal before taking a position.
Up-Trend Classification ("↑")
The up-trend symbol, represented by an upward arrow, is displayed when the RSI value is closer to the overbought threshold than to the neutral or oversold thresholds. This classification suggests that the market is in a bullish phase, with buying pressure outweighing selling pressure. Traders may consider this as a signal to enter or hold long positions, as the price is likely to continue rising until the market reaches an overbought condition.
Down-Trend Classification ("↓")
The down-trend symbol, depicted by a downward arrow, appears when the RSI value is nearest to the oversold threshold. This indicates a bearish market condition, where selling pressure dominates. The market is likely experiencing a downward movement, and traders might view this as an opportunity to enter or hold short positions. This symbol serves as a warning of potential further declines, especially if the RSI continues to move toward the oversold level.
Bullish Reversal ("▲")
This signal occurs when the RSI value crosses above the oversold threshold. It indicates a potential shift from a downtrend to an uptrend, suggesting that the market may start to move higher. Traders might use this signal as an opportunity to enter long positions.
Bearish Reversal ("▼")
This signal appears when the RSI value crosses below the overbought threshold. It suggests a possible transition from an uptrend to a downtrend, indicating that the market may begin to decline. This signal can alert traders to consider entering short positions or taking profits on long positions.
These classification symbols are plotted near the adjusted RSI line, with their positions adjusted based on the standard deviation and a distance multiplier. This placement helps in visualizing the classification's strength and ensuring clarity in the indicator's presentation. By monitoring these symbols, traders can quickly assess the market's state and make more informed trading decisions.
🔶 Disclaimer
Use with Caution: This indicator is provided for educational and informational purposes only and should not be considered as financial advice. Users should exercise caution and perform their own analysis before making trading decisions based on the indicator's signals.
Not Financial Advice: The information provided by this indicator does not constitute financial advice, and the creator (UAlgo) shall not be held responsible for any trading losses incurred as a result of using this indicator.
Backtesting Recommended: Traders are encouraged to backtest the indicator thoroughly on historical data before using it in live trading to assess its performance and suitability for their trading strategies.
Risk Management: Trading involves inherent risks, and users should implement proper risk management strategies, including but not limited to stop-loss orders and position sizing, to mitigate potential losses.
No Guarantees: The accuracy and reliability of the indicator's signals cannot be guaranteed, as they are based on historical price data and past performance may not be indicative of future results.
Session Countdowns [QuantVue]The Session Countdowns indicator is a powerful tool designed for traders who want to keep track of multiple trading sessions throughout the day. This indicator allows users to customize and monitor up to four different trading sessions with real-time countdowns until the session starts and ends.
Customizable Sessions:
Define up to four trading sessions with specific start and end times.
Customize session names for easy identification (e.g., NYAM, NYPM, ASIA, LONDON).
Real-Time Countdown:
Displays countdown timers for each session, showing time remaining until the session starts and ends.
Real-time updates ensure accurate and timely information.
Display Options:
Choose the display position on the chart (Top, Middle, Bottom) and alignment (Left, Center, Right).
Select table size.
Dynamic color theme adjusts the text and background colors based on the session status (upcoming, active, ending soon).
Alerts:
Receive alerts 30 minutes before a session starts, ensuring you never miss a crucial trading period.
Alerts can be customized for each session, providing timely reminders.
Give this indicator a BOOST and COMMENT your thoughts below!
We hope you enjoy.
Cheers!
test - ClassificationTensor-Based Classification Experiment
This innovative script represents an experimental foray into classification techniques, specifically designed to analyze returns within a compact time frame. By leveraging tensor-based analytics, it generates a comprehensive table that visually illustrates the distribution of counts across both current and historical bars, providing valuable insights into market patterns.
The script's primary objective is to classify returns over a small window, using this information to inform trading decisions. The output table showcases a normal distribution of count values for each bar in the lookback period, allowing traders to gain a deeper understanding of market behavior and identify potential opportunities.
Key Features:
Experimental classification approach utilizing tensor-based analytics
Compact time frame analysis (small window)
Comprehensive table displaying return counts across current and historical bars
Normal distribution visualization for better insight into market patterns
By exploring this script, traders can gain a deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics driving market movements and develop more effective trading strategies.
