10 pips█ OVERVIEW
If you are a scalper who typically takes positions within a certain range, this indicator can help you quickly and easily determine whether your target is within that range.
It displays a specified number of pips above and below the current price, allowing you to quickly and easily see whether your target falls within the desired area.
This eliminates the need to manually measure and calculate.
10 pips indicator can save you time and improve the accuracy of your trading decisions.
█ FEATURES
This indicator can display up to 4 lines - 2 above and 2 below the current price. The list of inputs is:
How many pips to offset? -- By default is set to 10 pips
Color for range 1 -- By default is set to darker blue
Show second range? -- You can choose to display second set of lines with different range
How many pips to offset? -- By default is set to 20 pips
Color for range 2 -- By default is set to blue
Length of the lines -- By default is set to 2
Width of the lines -- By default is set to 2
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This script is not intended to provide specific trading signals, but rather to offer ideas and insights that traders can use to inform their own decision-making.
As such, it is important to note that any trades that are made using this script are the sole responsibility of the trader
Educational
Compare UVXY to its VIX futures basketJust a quick script to show the actual movement ration between UVXY and its VIX futures basket.
The advertised reference value of 1.5 is shown as well.
The basket is hardcoded for now. Depending on how the underlyings of UVXY change, this might have to be configurable.
High Impact NewsDo you have a difficult time remembering high-impact news events throughout the trading week? Now there is an indicator that allows the user to put labels directly on their charts at specific times in the future so news events won’t sneak up on the user.
Description
The “High Impact News” TradingView indicator by Infinity Trading gives the user complete control of three labels that can be set to any time and day of the trading week, even in the future. Each label can be displayed at a specific time, on a unique day of the week, and with custom text. Also, each label has a choice of over 20 emojis to display on the chart along with user-defined text. The text color and size can be independently adjusted.
The position of the labels on the chart can be easily moved up or down with 5 built-in presents: Current Week High, Current Day High, Current Price, Current Day Low, and Current Week Low. Additionally, each label has a separate buffer that allows the users to move the label up or down in increments of five. All of these user-controls ensure the labels are exactly where the user wants them on their charts.
Limitations
This indicator displays labels in the future. TradingView sets a limit of 500 bars/candles in the future you can interact on. This TradingView limit means that labels can only be drawn 500 candles in the future on any timeframe. On larger timeframes this is not a problem and one trading week can easily display any labels. But on smaller timeframes labels multiple days in the future will exceed the 500 candle limit. When a label exceeds the 500 candle limit the indicator will have a temporary error. THIS IS NOT A PROBLEM. Simply go back to a higher timeframe or wait until the label is within 500 candles. All of your Settings will be saved! This is just a limit placed by TradingView that cannot be overwritten.
Important Notice
As stated above, this indicator draws labels in the future on your charts. To achieve future labels, this indicator draws labels in the present and shifts them to the right (which is the future) certain number of bars. Please be aware of the following characteristics of this indicator:
Labels will not appear until after midnight EST on Monday of each trading week
Labels will not appear over the weekends
Labels set to “Monday” won’t appear until midnight EST on Monday (or later)
Labels set to “Tuesday” through “Friday” won’t appear until the time specified in the Settings on Monday. For example, a FOMC label set to 2pm EST on Wednesday will not appear on the chart until 2pm EST on Monday
On 1-Hour or 2-Hour charts, please note that labels with a non-hour time will be shifted slightly so they appear on the chart. For example, a label at 8:15 am on the 5-min chart will be adjusted to 8:00 am on the 1-Hour chart so the label will appear
The above characteristics are a result of having to draw the labels at a specified time (of the trading week) and then calculating how many bars it takes to get the label to the correct time in the future.
Time Zone / Market SessionsTime Zone / Market Sessions indicator is a handy tool to display current major Market Open / Close condition along with present time at that Exchange. Sydney, Tokyo, London, New York market sessions are included. Clear display of Overlap Zones and Kill Zones.. Can be used to estimate market Pumping and Dumping. Alerts can be set when a market opens.
Time is Displayed in Table Layout
Active Market is displayed as Dots on top and bottom
You can select as Timeline or Table display
Overlap is clearly displayed on top and bottom without any mess
Gray color in Table layout Shows Closed Markets
You are free to reuse this code No Limitations.
Kill Zones are indicated in Table format. When some of the markets are closed
Alerts included for market openings
[EDU] RSI Momentum BandsRSI Momentum Bands serve a purpose to find best RSI momentum for entering a trade.
Indicator is built simply:
1st RSI MA is smoothed RSI by little period, 2nd RSI MA is smoothed RSI by a bigger period.
Then we calculate standard deviation from the 2nd MA and make upper and lower band.
The rules for trades are simple:
When RSI is above higher band - Buy ;
When RSI is below lower band - Sell .
The indicator is for educational purposes only to present trades a momentum bands concepts, widely used across professionals.
Hope you will find it helpful.
Take your profits!
- Tarasenko Fyodor
Quantum Vector AlertsIts the part 2 of Multiple Indicators 50EMA Cross Alerts.
Its more suitable for the seconds chart. Beside, you can use it in higher timeframe.
The input bars length is the sample size that the code will use to trigger all alert. 20 mean 20 bar after the current candle.
When you activate volume alert you can select an amount of volume that when volume cross it you will be notified. The volume of every bar is displayed in the screener below volume.
In the section percentage vector counting the script do the sum of the red vector and green vector and give a ratio. In bullish vector count percentage for alert, you can select the percentage difference that you want to receive an alert. If your sample have 3 red vectors and 7 green vectors you will receive an alert saying that there is an imbalance of 70% showing more green vectors.
You can select a variant of percentage vector. The variant will do a summation of volume. If 1 vector candle is the size of the 3 other vector, they will have the same ponderation.
Normal alert counting count the number of vectors in the bars length. You can count the red and green candle only or add the blue and violet.
Bullish vector count will show a notification when the number of green candle will appear on the chart in the selected length. The same process is valid for bearish vector count. For example, if you want 3 bullish candle in 20 bar. You select bars length 20 and bullish vector count 3.
These alerts are suitable to the hybrid system. Thanks to our teacher Trader Reality and to all the member that contribute to this great discord community.
Percent ResearchPercent Research is an indicator that will plot a color / column on the chart in case custom requirements are met.
The requirements are:
- Price : Price requirement (equal or above input).
- Change % Up : Amount the price have moved up in percent (equal or above input).
- Change % Down : Amount the price have moved down in percent (equal or below input).
- Change Interval : Amount of bars the above move happened over.
- Volume : Volume requirement (equal or above input).
- Volume Interval : Amount of bars in a row that each require the above volume.
Example: In case one wants to plot whenever price has made a 20 percent move up or down in a week with minimum 100 000 volume for each of the last 2 days one can use.
Change % Up: 20
Change % Down: -20
Change Interval: 5
Volume: 100 000
Volume Interval: 2
The indicator will plot a color on the chart whenever the requirements are met, which then can be used to look into price action for each colored time period.
The values can be customized dependent on preference, example 100% movers over a month or 20% movers over a week etc.
Simple OHLC Custom Range Interactive█ OVERVIEW
This indicator show lines of OHLC which can be commonly used as support and resistance zones.
OHLC can be shown table with candlestick visual.
Color of candlestick depends on direction of bullish / bearish of the chosen candlestick.
█ INSPIRATION
Inspired by design, code and usage of CAGR . Basic usage of custom range / interactive, pretty much explained here . Credits to TradingView .
█ FEATURES
Table can positioned by any position and font size can be resized.
OHLC can be in full or simple name.
Lines can be extend either right, left, both or none.
█ HOW TO USE
Only 1 point is required.
Dont worry about magnet, point will attached depends on High or Low of the candle.
█ USAGE / TIPS EXAMPLES (Description explained in each image)
Trading ChecklistJapanese below / 日本語説明は下記
One of the key success factors in trading is to keep consistency.
So, how to become consistent? How to avoid FOMO entry?
One of the ways to remain consistent is to prepare for a checklist and check if all criteria are met before you take trades.
That’s why I made this indicator.
How to use it?
You can set up to 10 criteria.
You can type sentences, set up patterns and/or conditions of your indicators etc. and the checklist will be displayed on your chart.
You can change the location of the checklist as well as table and text colors.
If you take a screenshot with this checklist after a trade, it also becomes a trading journal which you can review later on whether your previous trade is as per your rules or you make any mistakes or not.
==========================
トレードにおける成功要因の一つは一貫性を保つことです。
では、どうしたら一貫性をキープすることができるのでしょうか？どうしたらFOMOエントリー(取り残されることへの恐れによる感情的トレード)を避けることができるのでしょうか？
それを実現するためのひとつの方法は、チェックリストを作成し、トレードを実施する前に必要な全ての条件が満たされているかどうかをチェックすることです。
これを支援するためのツールとしてこのインジケーターを作成しました。
使い方
最大10個までのチェック項目を設定することができます。
文章(日本語可)をタイプすることもできますし、待つべきセットアップや、インジケーターが満たすべき条件を記入しても良いでしょう。
作成したチェックリストはチャートに表示されます。
リストの表示位置やフォントなどはパラメーターで変更可能です。
トレード終了後にこのチェックリストと一緒にスクリーンショットを取ることでトレードノートとしても活用することができます。
実施したトレードがルール通りのものなのか、または何らかのミスをしたのかを後日振り返ることにも使えるでしょう。
Position Sizing CalculatorThis script calculates the position size base on the stop loss price, entry price, and the percent of equity willing to risk.
Formula:
(Asset Quantity) = (Amount Risk at Trade) / (Price Difference Between Entry Price and Stop Loss)
or
Position size = (% Equity at Risk) * (Equity) / (Entry Price - Stop Loss Price)
SPX_Strikes_OpcionSigmaThis is a tool to know the strikes to use for Iron Condor.
You can change the colors for the lines.
It uses the VIX to estimate the movement of the SPX index.
Heikenashi higher timeframe indicatorThis indicator gives you the ability to display a heiken ashi candle on top of your regular chart. The period of the candle can be changed. The example above shows the 1W heiken ashi candle on top of the 4h candle.
Ghost Ninja Moving Average by HassonyaThe Ghost Ninja Moving Average indicator contains three ema averages. These are ema 21, ema 55 and ema 233.
The values of the averages appearing on the screen are adjusted according to their own lengths. If you want, you can change the settings from the "Numbers of bars back" setting.
The 1st moving average (EMA-21) will follow the price and will disappear if the price is above it. It will only appear where needed.
The 2nd moving average (EMA-55) will be red if not orange when EMA-21 is greater than EMA-55.
The 3rd moving average (EMA-233) will appear if EMA-55 is greater than it, otherwise it will not.
The system will also display Golden and Death crosses.
I hope you will be satisfied using it. Yours sincerely. Happy Trading
TÜRKÇE AÇIKLAMA
Ghost Ninja Hareketli Ortalama indikatörü, üç adet ema ortalaması barındırıyor. Bunlar ema 21, ema 55 ve ema 233 tür.
Ortalamaların ekranda gözükme değerleri, kendi uzunluklarına göre ayarlanmıştır. İsterseniz ayarları "Numbers of bars back" ayarından değiştirebilirsiniz.
1nci hareketli ortalama olan (EMA-21), fiyatı izleyerek eğer fiyat onun üzerindeyse gözükecek değilse yok olacak. Sadece gerektiği yerlerde gözükecek.
2nci hareketli ortalama(EMA-55), EMA-21 EMA-55'ten büyük olduğunda turuncu değilse kırmızı olacak.
3ncü hareketli ortalama(EMA-233), Eğer EMA-55 ondan büyükse gözükecek yoksa gözükmeyecek.
Sistem aynı zamanda Golden ve Death crossları da gösterecek.
Güle güle kullanın. Bereket bulun. Sevgiler
Ultimate Strategy Template (Advanced Edition)Hello traders
This script is an upgraded version of that one below
New features
- Upgraded to Pinescript version 5
- Added the exit SL/TP now in real-time
- Added text fields for the alerts - easier to send the commands to your trading bots
Step 1: Create your connector
Adapt your indicator with only 2 lines of code and then connect it to this strategy template.
For doing so:
1) Find in your indicator where are the conditions printing the long/buy and short/sell signals.
2) Create an additional plot as below
I'm giving an example with a Two moving averages cross.
Please replicate the same methodology for your indicator wether it's a MACD , ZigZag , Pivots , higher-highs, lower-lows or whatever indicator with clear buy and sell conditions.
//@version=5
indicator(title='Moving Average Cross', shorttitle='Moving Average Cross', overlay=true, precision=6, max_labels_count=500, max_lines_count=500)
type_ma1 = input.string(title='MA1 type', defval='SMA', options= )
length_ma1 = input(10, title=' MA1 length')
type_ma2 = input.string(title='MA2 type', defval='SMA', options= )
length_ma2 = input(100, title=' MA2 length')
// MA
f_ma(smoothing, src, length) =>
rma_1 = ta.rma(src, length)
sma_1 = ta.sma(src, length)
ema_1 = ta.ema(src, length)
iff_1 = smoothing == 'EMA' ? ema_1 : src
iff_2 = smoothing == 'SMA' ? sma_1 : iff_1
smoothing == 'RMA' ? rma_1 : iff_2
MA1 = f_ma(type_ma1, close, length_ma1)
MA2 = f_ma(type_ma2, close, length_ma2)
// buy and sell conditions
buy = ta.crossover(MA1, MA2)
sell = ta.crossunder(MA1, MA2)
plot(MA1, color=color.new(color.green, 0), title='Plot MA1', linewidth=3)
plot(MA2, color=color.new(color.red, 0), title='Plot MA2', linewidth=3)
plotshape(buy, title='LONG SIGNAL', style=shape.circle, location=location.belowbar, color=color.new(color.green, 0), size=size.normal)
plotshape(sell, title='SHORT SIGNAL', style=shape.circle, location=location.abovebar, color=color.new(color.red, 0), size=size.normal)
/////////////////////////// SIGNAL FOR STRATEGY /////////////////////////
Signal = buy ? 1 : sell ? -1 : 0
plot(Signal, title='🔌Connector🔌', display = display.data_window)
Basically, I identified my buy, sell conditions in the code and added this at the bottom of my indicator code
Signal = buy ? 1 : sell ? -1 : 0
plot(Signal, title="🔌Connector🔌", transp=100)
Important Notes
🔥 The Strategy Template expects the value to be exactly 1 for the bullish signal, and -1 for the bearish signal
Now you can connect your indicator to the Strategy Template using the method below or that one
Step 2: Connect the connector
1) Add your updated indicator to a TradingView chart
2) Add the Strategy Template as well to the SAME chart
3) Open the Strategy Template settings and in the Data Source field select your 🔌Connector🔌 (which comes from your indicator)
From then, you should start seeing the signals and plenty of other stuff on your chart
🔥 Note that whenever you'll update your indicator values, the strategy statistics and visual on your chart will update in real-time
Settings
- Color Candles: Color the candles based on the trade state ( bullish , bearish , neutral)
- Close positions at market at the end of each session: useful for everything but cryptocurrencies
- Session time ranges: Take the signals from a starting time to an ending time
- Close Direction: Choose to close only the longs, shorts, or both
- Date Filter: Take the signals from a starting date to an ending date
- Set the maximum losing streak length with an input
- Set the maximum winning streak length with an input
- Set the maximum consecutive days with a loss
- Set the maximum drawdown (in % of strategy equity)
- Set the maximum intraday loss in percentage
- Limit the number of trades per day
- Limit the number of trades per week
- Stop-loss: None or Percentage or Trailing Stop Percentage or ATR - I'll add shortly multiple options for the trailing stop loss
- Take-Profit: None or Percentage or ATR - I'll add also a trailing take profit
- Risk-Reward based on ATR multiple for the Stop-Loss and Take-Profit
Special Thanks
Special thanks to @JosKodify as I borrowed a few risk management snippets from his website: kodify.net
Best
Dave
Je Buurmans Simple Manual EntriesIf ever in need for a quick way to swiftly check some random trades
or brag to your 'friends'/buddies/pals/haters/followers/the_crowd with fabricated winnings ..
This Script is for you.
Either set the entry and exit dates for a maximum of up to 10 trades (either Long or Short) via Menu
or simply drag the 'handler' to the desired time/date.
Next fill in how many shares/contracts to enter and/or exit
There is some Visual Feedback as well.
(initially written specifically for someone .. now free for grabs)
Pair ViewerPair-Trading is a recognized and widely used trading method, this indicator is a tool that allows via several display interfaces (2 at the moment) to see relative performance ratios of two assets.
The inputs are pretty simple to understand but here is the list of them :
- Ticker #1 : The first Asset's ticker // numerator of the ratio
- Ticker #2 : The second Asset's ticker // denominator of the ratio
- View as : Display Method
- Up Color : Color of positive candle (when close > open)
- Down Color : Color of negative candle (when close < open)
Of course, this indicator only shows stuff at the chart, it does NOT provide any investment advice.
TheMas7er scalp (US equity) 5min [promuckaj]This indicator was created according to TheMas7er's trading setup, that he reveal after 18 years of working in the industry. Claims is that this setup should give you good probability to predict the price movement for US equity.
This trading setup is only for New York equity trading session from 09:30 until 4pm. The market in which you should use it are the S&P 500 , Dow Jones, and Nasdaq. Perhaps it will work on some other but for those are good according to tests. It should not used on days with high-impact news, like CPI , FOMC, NFP and so on. The model can still work there but the probability on these days is way lower.
What is the base of this indicator, it marks what is called "The Defining Range"("DR"). This defining range is from 09:30am until 10:30am New York local time, it takes those 12 candles in the 5min chart. Indicator will mark the high and low of this range, including wicks. This will help you to already know at 10:30am, with possible good probability the high or low of the day.
There is also the "Implied Defining Range"("iDR") lines inside the "DR" range, which mark the highest body and the lowest body in the "DR" range.
*The rules (it is very simple to follow):
Chart must be set in 5min timeframe.
At 10:30am you still don't know which one will be the real high or low of the day, but only one will be true.
If price is closing on 5min chart above the "DR" it should give you good probability that the low of the "DR" is the low of the day, and vice versa - if price is closing below the "DR" it should give you good probability that the high of the "DR" is the high of the day.
"iDR" gives you an early indication about what high or low of the day should be. If price is closing above "iDR" you will have an early indication that the low of the "DR" should be the low of the day, and vice versa.
Note that about closing means really closing above or below, not just wicks.
Now, after this you can realize the magnitude of possibility.
You can use any entry model you prefer to trade, it doesn't matter if you use ICT concepts, smart money concepts, volume profile , eliot waves, braking the structure concept or whatever. There are so many possibilities for trading within this rule.
Enjoy!
Index OverlayNote: use this indicator only with New York Timezone + you need to understand ICT concepts already, this indicator simplifies the chart work.
Also, in this script I added some open-source scripts from creators here on tradingview, but I forgot to annotate their names...
If you recognize your script, please text me and I'll add your credits.
features
- displays Midnight and Sunday open lines
- day separation (from midnight)
- FVGs
- VWAP (calculated from midnight open)
- daily labels
- TDH & TDL (liquidity)
- trading time window (from 9:30 to 12:00 ny time)
HOW TO USE
Combined with daily bias, the idea is to wait for 9:30 to open, and then wait for a liquidation of TDH (plotted in blue) or TDL (in red).
Once it happens, you can look for ICT buy / sell model, ideally in the 5m TF.
Turtle Money ManagementThe Turtle Trading approach* is a trend following system that uses volatility for position size. *(Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt )
Turtle traders use the N unit system for risk management, which has its own advantages. This indicator offers beginners a simple interface that uses the same logic. Using ATR (Average True Range) to measure volatility.
The indicator shows the suggested position size and stop-loss price. You need to activate position line to see how it behaved in the past. Information about the Turtle system shows that it works in a daily candle. Intraday candles can be misleading (for ATR) because of this indicator use daily ATR by default. I leave the choice to you.
Limits recommended by Turtle Traders
-
Single Trade % 2 Maximum risk
Single Market % 4 Maximum risk
Closely Correlated Markets % 6 Maximum risk
Loosely Correlated Markets % 10 Maximum risk
Single Direction – Long or Short % 12 Maximum risk
Pure Mark Minervini 10%TP 5%CLBacktesting Mark Miniverni Template
By Donnie Lee
Overall, a good basic guideline from Mark Miniverni to choose which stock to buy. His selection are said to be stocks in stage 2 uptrend phase which could see price surge soon.
This script enable backtesting of Mark template (Investor's Business Ranking Excluded) on equity like stocks
Further fine tuning with additional filters are needed to find good entry with desired cut loss level and position sizing.
There is no holy grail strategy. Choose one with an edge that you are comfortable with and stick to it.
Losing is part and parcel of trading. Hesitation to cut loss can lead to big loss. And if you can avoid losing big, you might stand a chance to profit in the end.
Mark Miniverni Template
1. The current stock price is above both the 150-day (30-week) and the 200-day (40-week) moving average price lines.
2. The 150-day moving average is above the 200-day moving average.
3. The 200-day moving average line is trending up for at least 1 month (preferably 4–5 months minimum in most cases).
4. The 50-day (10-week) moving average is above both the 150-day and 200-day moving averages.
5. The current stock price is trading above the 50-day moving average.
6. The current stock price is at least 25% above its 52-week low (30% as per his book 'Trade Like a Stock Market Wizard').
7. The current stock price is within at least 25% of its 52-week high (the closer to a new high the better).
Custom XABCD Validation and Backtesting ToolOverview:
We hear a lot about Gartleys, bats, crabs and the rest of the barnyard crew, but have you ever wondered what other creatures might be lurking out there yet to be discovered? Well wonder no longer, it's time to find out for yourself! The Custom XABCD Validation and Backtesting Tool allows you to define retracement ratios and targets for your very own patterns.
Tips:
(1) Adjust the patterns entry/stop/target configuration and see how it affects the pattern's backtesting results.
(2) Adjust the weights of pattern score components (% error, PRZ confluence, Point D/PRZ confluence), along with the entry minimum score requirements ('If score is above'), and see how it affects the patterns' results.
Pattern Scoring:
The pattern's score is an attempt to represent the quality of a pattern with a single metric. This is one of the most powerful aspects of the tool because it can quickly tell you whether a trade is worth entering. The score is based on 3 components:
(1) Retracement % Accuracy - this measures how closely a pattern's retracement ratios match your defined theoretical values. You can change the "Allowed ratio error %" in Settings to be more or less inclusive.
(2) PRZ Level Confluence - Potential Reversal Zone levels are retracements of the XA, BC, and/or XC legs. These levels indicate where a potential reversal might occur (i.e. pivot point D). The PRZ Level Confluence component measures the closeness of the two closest PRZ levels, relative to the height of the of the XA leg.
(3) Point D / PRZ Confluence - this measures the closeness of point D to either of the two closest PRZ levels (identified in the PRZ Level Confluence component above), relative to the height of the XA leg. In theory, the closer together these levels are, the higher the probability of a reversal.
While the score is percentage-based, it should not be confused with a probability. A score of 96% does not imply a 96% chance of success. It simply represents the average of the three components mentioned above, weighted according to the defined weight parameters. A score of 100% would mean that (1) all leg retracements match the defined theoretical retracement ratios exactly, (2) all PRZ retracement levels are exactly the same value, and (3) pivot point D occurred exactly at the confluent PRZ level.
Pattern scoring research has been ongoing since I introduced the concept with my Harmonic Pattern Detection, Prediction and Backtesting Tool (see below). So the way that the score is calculated is subject to change based on the results of that research.
(2) Two AlertsCurrent Trading View free plan allows only ONE active alert.
This simple indicator Allows to trigger this ONE and ONLY alert when price reaches Higher, or Lower price level.
You can set levels and turn alerts for them on/off in settings, or by just drag-n-dropping Horizontal lines on the chart.
To set the only alert you need to create new alert, and change it's following parameters :
condition : 2alerts
Any alert function() call
Feel free to modify it on your needs.
Beta ScreenerThis script allows you to screen up to 38 symbols for their beta. It also allows you to compare the list to not only SPY but also CRYPTO10! Features include custom time frame and custom colors.
Here is a refresher on what beta is:
Beta (β) is a measure of the volatility—or systematic risk—of a security or portfolio compared to the market as a whole (usually the S&P 500 ). Stocks with betas higher than 1.0 can be interpreted as more volatile than the S&P 500 .
Beta is used in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets (usually stocks). CAPM is widely used as a method for pricing risky securities and for generating estimates of the expected returns of assets, considering both the risk of those assets and the cost of capital.
How Beta Works
A beta coefficient can measure the volatility of an individual stock compared to the systematic risk of the entire market. In statistical terms, beta represents the slope of the line through a regression of data points. In finance, each of these data points represents an individual stock's returns against those of the market as a whole.
Beta effectively describes the activity of a security's returns as it responds to swings in the market. A security's beta is calculated by dividing the product of the covariance of the security's returns and the market's returns by the variance of the market's returns over a specified period.
cov (a,b)/var(b)
